Describing people Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Portraying individuals - Assignment Example Make certain to portray for every one their physical appearance, air and positive or negative picture. The New Wife: Marc’s new spouse Alice is depicted as darker looking and stout, a hearty blue peered toward light, delicate with wavy hair. She is over-liberal and extravagant, satisfied and content with her better half and his mindful disposition. She is normally inquisitive about her husband’s ex and approaches him about the purposes behind the separation, as anybody would normally need to know. She is sure however by and by inquisitive to realize what the ex discovered ailing in Marc. The Ex-Wife: Marc’s ex is depicted as the lady dressed in white, with dull smooth, shiny hair and blue eyes. She seems, by all accounts, to be a sophisticate and is difficult to it would be ideal if you as Marc has told Alice. Alice may have discovered her boss for some time yet can rest content in the information that she is the one with Marc now, while his ex feasts alone. 2. C ompose a paper portraying which of the accompanying articulations you think best depicts the character of Alice, the subsequent spouse. Give your preferred quantity and quickly guard it. Use in any event one model from the determination to help your thoughts: 1. She is a mindful individual starting to scrutinize the astuteness of her choice. 2. She is a shallow individual effortlessly influenced by the assessments of others. 3. She is a cheerfully hitched individual displaying characteristic interest. 4. Other - Describe Alice in your own words and afterward guard your announcement. As I would like to think, (3) Alice is a cheerfully hitched individual displaying characteristic interest. She is very deferential of her better half and a piece of the story makes them look him over and considering what made his first spouse leave him†¦ â€Å"She was looking with quick consideration at her significant other's face, with its great shading and customary shape, at his thick hair with its incidental string of white silk, at his little, all around thought about hands. She felt questionable just because, and asked herself: What more did she need, at that point? (Colette, 1) and â€Å"She demonstrated overpowering appreciation to her better half. She was forward without knowing it and her whole individual uncovered over-prominent indications of extraordinary happiness.†(Colette,1). It is human instinct to be interested about her spouse’s ex and why they separated and following her husband’s clarification, this makes Alice wonder why the ex ‘the lady dressed in white’ - was so difficult to please. All things considered, Alice would have been satisfied to see that she was eating alone, as it would approve her husband’s articulation. 3. Rundown three encounters that Sasaki relates in her tale. After each experience, portray her responses to the experience. At that point, depict the point you think Sasaki is attempting to make b y relating this account. One experience that Sasaki relates in ‘Another Writer’s Beginnings’ is that her sister was not as excessively worried about outward appearances as she seemed to be. Conversely, Sasaki viewed herself as an appalling example of mankind directly from the earliest starting point. She quantifies her excellence as per her reasonableness to being a Mousketeer at age five, while her sister who is three years more seasoned than her was sensible enough to realize that it is difficult for a Japanese to resemble a Mouseketeer at any rate (Sasaki,1). Furthermore, Sasaki is immensely frustrated by her school picture taken at 5 years of age and even her mom who was ordinarily a positivist let out a moan of scorn subsequent to review the image. Indeed, even she was unable to discover any uplifting statements (Sasaki, 1). Thirdly, now and again Sasaki even wanted that she could resemble her companion Marilyn who was charming and looked comparable to Shirl ey Temple in pictures. She thought at any rate that would comfort her folks and extra them the shame of having such an

Measuring Online PR Effectiveness

Measuring Online PR Effectiveness Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!Measuring Online PR EffectivenessUpdated On 10/01/2016Author : Ram kumarTopic : BloggingShort URL : http://hbb.me/1zefW6i CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogWithout standardization of measurement practices in the PR industry, Public Relations professionals won’t know how to quantify a campaign’s impact. As competition increases and budgets face greater scrutiny, the ability to accurately assess a campaign’s effects and communicate PR’s value in achieving the organization’s goals is paramount.Measuring Online PR EffectivenessThe topic of measurement is an ongoing debate within the industry and academia, and is a key theme within GW’s Strategic Public Relations master’s program curriculum. While the guidelines outlined by recognized authorities provides a general structure for identifying WHAT to measure, the industry has yet to establish a clear standard for HOW we interpret and quantify these measurements to determine effect and ROI. One theme has become clear, however: measurement is getting more refined, and audience engagement and response carries the most weight.INFOGRAPHIC SOURCE: [The George Washington University]READ10 Habits That Can Make You A Better Content Writer

Gender Stereotyping Movie Vs. Old Disney Movies

Running head: Gender Stereotyping in Disney Movies Gender Stereotyping in New v. Old Disney Movies Maggie Box Union College I affirm that I carried out this lab with full academic honesty. Gender Stereotyping in New v. Old Disney Movies This study set out to examine the differences of gender stereotyping between old and new Disney movies. As a group, we watched nine movies in total. We watched one together, to test our observer reliability. Once confirming observer reliability was over eighty percent, we each watched two films on our own, one â€Å"new† Disney movie and one â€Å"old† and shared data. While watching, we specifically looked for actions that illustrated six characteristics that we predetermined were usually†¦show more content†¦Verbal aggression defined as a behavior that attempts to harm, intimidate, put down or threaten using language. Commanding defined as giving a direct statement with instructions or orders to someone else. Finally, rescuing defined as the attempt to get someone else out of unwanted or dangerous situations, without having to be successful. This is an important study because when children watch these movies, they are exposed to gender stereotypes that can influence their understanding of their own or opposite gender through an inaccurate portrayal. By looking at the attributes mentioned above in Disney films that were released prior to 1972 as opposed to post 1972, allows scholars the ability to see if gender stereotyping is becoming more or less equal and accurate as throughout time. In a study done by Huston et al. (1989), it was found that television was the center of the majority of children’s time and attention. This particularly applied to children in low-income and minority families who did not have the financial resources to provide other activities and media sources to occupy their children’s time. This article stated that television has an impact on children in three main ways: as an educator, a source for social learning and a way to advertise and sell products. The article also discussed many of the public

Analysis Of Crips And The Bloods Essay - 1375 Words

The documentary Crips and the Bloods: Made in America tells the dramatic story of the perpetual gang violence that runs the streets of Los Angeles, California. Gaining an inside look at how and why this violence is continued, the video focuses on the individuals that are affected by the gangs. Families are torn apart due to endless murders, children are taught to hate and act violently towards their neighbors, and people lose their soul to the gangs that they call their families. Of course every person must make a choice to engage in this sort of life, but sometimes these people are put into situations where there are no other options. In order to further think about what has caused and maintained the violence in the LA area, we can look towards Agnew’s General Strain Theory and the Labeling Theory. Robert Agnew developed his theory called General Strain Theory based off of Robert Merton’s Classic Strain Theory. Agnew introduced three types of strain. Generally, â€Å" the higher the dose of strain that a person experiences the greater the likelihood of the person becoming engaged in crime or in some form of deviance† (Lilly, Cullen, Ball, 1989). A journal article called â€Å"General Strain Theory and Delinquency: the Developmental Process of Robert Agnew’s Works from a Historical Perspective† says that â€Å"the strain may result from when others (1) prevent an individual from achieving positively valued goals; (2) remove positively valued stimuli pertaining to individual; (3) presentShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Crips And The Bloods Essay1361 Words   |  6 Pages In Crips and the Bloods we see multiple examples of labels continuing crime. First off, most of the children born in this area are black and poor. Already they are labeled and stereotyped as being dangerous to communities, useless to society, and destined for failure. One man says â€Å"I grew up in the hood, I was born in the hood, I was raised in the hood, and I’m going to die in the hood. I didn’t choose my destiny, my destination chose me† (Peralta, 2008). This phrase demonstrates the power of aRead MoreAnalysis Of The Documentary Crips And Bloods 1241 Words   |  5 PagesThe documentary Crips and Bloods: Made in America (2008) focuses on conditions and causes of gang violence in Los Angeles, California, as well as the history and background of the main gangs that reside there. The information in the film is compiled from interviews of past and present members of the Crips and Bloods, which are the two main gangs that contribute to the violence in the area. The interviewees explain how the gangs work and the conditions under which these people live daily. There canRead MoreAnalysis Of Stacy Peralta s Film, Lords Of Dogtown And Z Boys And Crips And Bloods1395 Words   |  6 Pagesdirector for the latter. For my final essay, I chose to explore Stacy Peralta’s approach to documentary filmmaking/directing. In his career, Peralta has worked on many films, but for my paper, I am going to focus on two: Dogtown and Z-Boys and Crips and Bloods: Made in America. The first Stacy Peralta directed film that I have ever seen was Dogtown and Z-Boys. Initially, I was looking for Lords of Dogtown and when I mistakenly came across Dogtown and Z-Boys, I was disappointed because it was not whatRead MoreEssay On Gangs890 Words   |  4 Pagesother set or killing regular civilians. Some of the gangs involved in murder are bloods, crips, black p stone, tiny rascals,hells angels, and latin kings and are all gangs in America. Bloods is a name of a gang in America, originally founded by Ronald Herron and Sylvester Scott, also known as black disciples have committed plenty of crimes. Crimes such as robbery, drug trafficking, prostitution, kidnapping, and murder. Bloods wear the color red, red is the initial color that represents them. They go byRead MoreGangs Of Gangs1136 Words   |  5 Pagesthings such as, clothing and tattoos. The well known gangs around the nation are the Bloods and the Crips. The Bloods can be identified by the color red that they wear and also by the way they wear their clothes. They also can be identified by tattoos and other markings on their body. Graffiti is another way they can be identified since may gangs will tag a wall with markings that identify with their gang. Crips on the other hand wear blue to represent their gang. They often wear blue bandanas andRead MoreThe Two National Threats : Drugs And Gangs1838 Words   |  8 Pages Nathaniel Louis Rogers Assistant Professor Michelle Holcomb Analysis of Police Operations- CJ 3350 November 26,2014 The Two National Threats: Drugs and Gangs Nathaniel L. Rogers Assistant Professor Michelle Holcomb CJ 3350 Analysis of Police Operations 26 November 2014 The Two National Threats: Drugs and Gangs While conducting research on the different drugs and gangs in our country, and other countries around the world, I found out a lot of interesting facts. I found severalRead MoreCompulsory Rotatory Internship Programme ( Crip ) And The Preferred Post Graduate Specialities Essay1581 Words   |  7 PagesLong working hours and stressful working environment along with the immense pressure of impending PG entrance exam hinder the affectivity of the Compulsory Rotatory Internship Programme (CRIP). Our study is an attempt to find the views regarding Compulsory Rotatory Internship Programme (CRIP) and the preferred post graduate specialities among interns from NKP Salve Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Nagpur. METHOD A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted; the questionnaireRead MoreThe Shift of Culture in Compton and the Transcendent Cultural Effect it Formed in America972 Words   |  4 Pagesparents’ success, were now hanging their heads. By 1970 the Bloods and the Crips were created right outside of Compton. The â€Å"crack explosion† of the 1980’s only intensified crime, violence, and murder rates. From middle-class to neighborhood terror, the prosperity relinquished by African Americans in Compton had promptly crumbled right in front of everyone’s eyes. The issues created during this period still have an influence today; Bloods and Crips are still prevalent gangs in 2014. Compton was dangerousRead MoreInfluence Of Gangs On Adolescents2333 Words   |  10 Pagesdifferent films, Crips and Bloods, A Better Life, and Gran Torino. The films each explore the social settings of three distinct minority groups; the paper notes and describes several similarities among the groups. These include widespread poverty, discrimination from the dominant social order, and the lack of availability of normal social opportunities. The General Theory of Crime is examined and used to explain why these minority adolescents act out the way they do. This analysis is an attempt toRead MoreThe War On Drugs Is A New Form Of Jim Crow870 Words   |  4 Pagesand were the new form of protection but proliferated many neighborhoods beyond belief (Canada). Disputes between gang members such the Bloods and Crips heightened violence, which spewed over into white neighborhoods. Author Canada dispels the myths that violence is unique to a particular group; violence should be looked a t a historical perspective. His analysis shows violence has hasten to progress from fist fights, stick fights, and stabbings have lead to 9 millimeter, 44 magnum and .38 caliber

Violence And The Inner City Code - 936 Words

The Bond connects to a lot of information from our textbook and class discussions. To begin with, article 28 in our textbook titled Violence and the Inner-City Code relates to this book. For instance, the article talks about how by simply living in such an environment such as the inner city; young people are put at special risk of falling victim to aggressive behavior. This was shown in the section of The Bond written by Sampson. He tells a story that between the summer of his junior and senior years of high school him and his friends got the idea of robbing drug dealers to make some quick money. In order to do this, they preyed on young drug salesmen, pulling a gun on them, taking their money, and driving off. The plan worked for a little while, but then fell through. While they were robbing someone, two policemen walked up. Sampson pretended to by a bystander while his friends tried to outrun the police. They failed, and ended up being detained. Sampson ran home and told his older sister everything, which then made him call the cops the next day. Soon enough, Sampson ended up serving four weeks at the Essex County youth house (106-107). Just because Sampson lived where he did, he got drawn into aggressive behavior and ended up paying for it. The article in the textbook also states that there are often forces that can counteract the negative influences- by far the most powerful is a strong, loving, â€Å"decent† family committed to middle-class values. This wasShow MoreRelatedReview of Code of the Street: Decency, Violence, and the Moral Life of the Inner City1533 Words   |  7 Pages For this assignment I decided to read the book Code of the Street: decency, violence, and the moral life of the inner city by Elijah Anderson. This book is about how inner city people live and try and survive by living with the code of the streets. The code of the streets is basically morals and values that these people have. Most of the time it is the way they need to act to survive. Continuing on within this book review I am going to discuss the main points and arguments that Anderson portraysRead MoreCode Of The Street And My Understanding1345 Words   |  6 Pages Code of the Street And My Understanding Pramod Adhikari Sociology 101 CCBC, Essex Code of the Street And My Understanding Elijah Anderson’s Code of Street is an ethnographic study of several neighborhoods in Philadelphia in the early to mid-1990s. This book is mainly focus on the criminal elements, economical, educational, social, and judicial system in the African American communities. Anderson did several interviews, field observations and researches for four years to demonstrateRead MoreSchool Dress Codes By Krystal Miller948 Words   |  4 Pagesthat not having a school dress code could lead to violence over something so simple as to what a person might own or wear? To many people s surprise, school dress codes can be a very important topic to discuss at any and every public school. This essay will summarize, critique, and evaluate the article School Dress Codes by Krystal Miller. During the time period that the article was written, violence was beginning to become an issue in many large, urban cities. In Krystal Miller s article,Read MoreDecent and Street People in the Code of the Streets by Elijah Anderson1679 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"The Code of the Streets,† Elijah Anderson explains the differences between â€Å"decent† and â€Å"street† people that can be applied to the approaches of social control, labeling, and social conflict theories when talking about the violence among inner cities due to cultural adaptations. Anderson’s theory examined African Americans living in America’s inner cities that are driven to follow the â€Å"street code† and work to maintain respect, loyalty, and their own self-image. The â€Å"street code† AndersonRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Elijah Anderson 1150 Words   |  5 PagesIn his book Elijah Anderson tries to describe how life is, living in a black poor community in an American town known as Inner-city. In this area everyone is struggling financially and seem distant from the rest of America. The main social class in this town is the â€Å"decent† and the â€Å"street† families as the community has labeled them. The labeling by the local is as a result of social contest between the inhabitants. The line between a decent and street family is usually very thin, it’s based on aRead MoreMr. Rogers Neighborhood1489 Words   |  6 Pagesmany youths in impoverished inner city neighborhoods, the streets of Clemmons’ childhood neighborhood are more relatable than the cheerful blocks the actor patrolled on television. As evidenced by David Harding’s book, Living the Drama: Community, Conflict, and Culture Among Inner-City Boys, and two characters the HBO series The Wire, Randy Wagstaff and Namond Brice, the quality of one’s neighborhood has a profound effect on the outcomes of youths. The prevalence of violence, lack of positive role modelsRead MorePerspective Essay on the Code of the Streets856 Words   |  4 PagesPerspective Essay on The Code of the Streets Culture in urban communities, also referred to as inner-cities, are growing increasingly violent. In the article, The Code of the Streets by Elijah Anderson, he begins to take an in-depth look at the root of the evil. He deduces that economic factors, parenting and the troublesome environments largely influence the violent norms within this culture. Anderson notes that two groups coexist simultaneously in the inner-cities which he labels as theRead MoreThe inclination to violence stems from several circumstances of life among the poor the stigma of600 Words   |  3 PagesThe inclination to violence stems from several circumstances of life among the poor; the stigma of race, drug use and drug trafficking, and lack of employment, as well as the media and, family/peer association. The Code of the Streets by Elijah Anderson, is a groundbreaking essay the social scientist wrote, taking us inside of a world that most of us only read about. Anderson shows us how a frantic search for acceptance and respect governs social relations among the African American race; primarilyRead MoreMethods Of Neutralization Are Excuses And Justifications That Account For Criminal Behavior1131 Words   |  5 Pageshigher authorities means sacrificing social values, appealing to higher authorities, always excuses their behavior, excusing v. justifying depending on norms. An example would be, I know it was wrong but I did it for my family. People neutralize their violence of crime because society expects them to and are expected to account for their deviant/criminal behavior. In the article, On the Run: Wanted Men in a Philadelphia Ghetto Alice Goffman explains the implications of her ethnographic observations relativeRead MoreEssay about Disproportionate Minority Contact1071 Words   |  5 Pagesas a whole. The interplay between the media, the criminal justice system, and the public has a huge influence on discrimination within the system. Another big factor in the disproportionate minority contact is the fact that the poor, troubled inner cities are filled with mostly minorities. The culture within these poor neighborhoods perpetuates a crime mentality that becomes an easy target for the criminal justice system. I argue that the discrimination doesn’t come from a racial bias but rather

Launching Personal Care Products in Sheng Siong-Free-Samples

Question: Write a Reopt on Launching personal care products in Sheng Siong. Answer: Introdauction The project focuses on launching personal care products in Sheng Siong which is one of the grocery and fresh food supermarket in Singapore. The supermarket wants to expand its business in different fields and as a result it took the decision of launching personal care products. The various personal care products that it wanted to launch include shampoo, conditioner, toothbrush as well as toothpaste. It is identified that supermarket was visited by local people who generally came for buying various grocery products and if personal care products are also present then it would be found beneficial for both the supermarket as well as customers. In this paper, importance of network diagram as well as Gantt chart is illustrated. The paper illustrates factors that are helpful in minimizing project duration, monitoring progress as well as outsourcing. In addition to this, the paper also focuses on the risks that are associated with project and provides proper recommendations for minimizing the risks. Network and Gantt chart Network diagram Network diagram is defined as a graphical representation of the project which mainly comprises of various series of both connected boxes as well as arrows for illustrating the inter-relationship between various activities that is mainly involved within the project (Kerzner 2013). It is found that the boxes as well as nodes generally helps in representing inter-relationship between various activities and arrows are generally helpful in representing the relationship between various activities. Figure 1: Network Diagram (Source: Created by Author) The importance of network diagram is illustrated below: Network diagram is helpful in justifying time estimate for the project: Network diagram of the project reflects the procedure with which the activities are generally interrelated with each other from the beginning till the end of the project (Burke 2013). After determining the critical path of the project helps in providing proper duration of the project. Network diagram helps in planning, organizing as well as controlling:The network diagram reflects that project activities are generally highlighted in sequence with their interrelationship. The network diagram of the project is helpful for the project manager as well as team during organizing as well as planning. Network diagram reflects interdependence of activities:As interdependencies of activities are quite visible in the network diagram, it is quite easier to see how the activities depend on each other. Network diagram reflects the workflow of project activities: With the help of network diagram, the project team will get to know about the sequence if various project activities (Fleming and Koppelman 2016). At a certain point in the project, network diagram will be very much beneficial to know the status of the project activities. Gantt chart Figure 2: Gantt chart (Source: Created by Author) Risk management Risk Type of risk Risk statement Impact Probability Risk exposure Risk mitigation Inaccurate gathering of information Negative risk If the information about the project is not gathered properly then it is quite difficult for the project managers to complete the task within the assumed budget and time. Medium likely Medium It is quite important to gather information associated with the project properly and for this experienced project managers must be hired. Improper estimation of budget Negative risk If the budget for the project is not estimated properly then the organization will face financial pressure. high Very likely medium The budget of the project must be estimated after understanding the requirements of the project properly. Improper theme selection Negative risk If the theme for the project is not selected properly then the organization would face difficulty in launching the products. High Very likely High Theme selection of the project must be done properly so that the products within the organization can be easily launched. Improper management of social media activity Negative risk If the social media activity is not managed properly before launching of the personal products then the expected outcome of the project will not reflect positive result. Moderate likely medium It is quite important to manage the activity of social media before launching the product in the event Scheduling resources Resource scheduling is defined as one of the technique that is generally utilized for calculating various resources that are generally needed in order to deliver the entire project work (Mir and Pinnington 2014). It is identified that scheduling resources generally helps in ensuring efficient as well as effective utilization, and assists in identifying resources easily. According to Flyvbjerg (2013), scheduling is quite important in project in order to organize as well as complete the entire project within the time and budget. Effective project scheduling plays an important role in order to ensure the success of the project. It is quite important to assign different resources effectively within the project for keeping the entire projects on tracks as well as for setting proper as well as realistic time frames. This typically helps in minimizing cost and enhancing satisfaction of the customers. It is stated by Phillips (2013) that project scheduling generally helps in impacting the overall finances of an organization. This is considered true when the resources have proper knowledge as well as skills for completing the task when the project requires costly materials. Project completion within a short time frame is costly as more number of additional resources as well as materials is required. It is opined by Turner (2016), that project scheduling gene rally helps in ensuring that one task gets completed in a quality manner before the initiation of the next task within the process. By properly assuring that quality measures that are adopted helps in meeting various expectations at every step. Reducing project duration An experienced project manager helps its team in uncovering various opportunities for saving time by properly ordering tasks as well as by removing false dependencies from the project. It is identified that there are number of ways in which the duration of the project reduces but the project gets completed without compromising the scope or quality (Steyn et al. 2016). The steps include: Outsourcing tasks of the project: If some of the tasks of the project are outsourced then it will be quite easier to complete the project before the duration (Cicmil et al. 2017). Therefore in order to save time duration of the project without compromising the quality can be done by outsourcing some of the activities of the project so that the burden of the project from the team members reduces little bit and they will be able to complete the tasks in a short period of time. Using additional resources: If additional resources are utilized in the project then it will be quite easier to complete the entire project before the duration ad as a result time duration of the project generally minimizes without compromising the project quality. Eliminating false dependencies: Every task of the project must have proper successor as well as predecessor. It is identified that dependencies are mainly expressed as hard as well as finish -start predecessors (Hwang and Ng 2013). If dependencies of the project are properly documented then it will be helpful in reflecting the real overlap of the work that can generally found in the schedule without impacting the execution of the project. Establishing scope for the starting of the project: It is found that proper establishment of project scope before the team helps in reducing the non-productive tine from the starting phase of the project. It is quite important to understand the scope of the project, high level requirements before executing the entire project. This helps in making the entire team productive from the starting day of the project. Tracking time: It is quite important to track time for each of the activities of the project in order to complete a given project. It is identified that not only the steps are tracked but it is quite important to track the time that is required for completing each of the project activities (Serra and Kunc 2015). Proper time tracking is important as it helps in eliminating the wastage of time and assists in completing project before the duration. Outsourcing Outsourcing helps in allowing the organization Sheng Siong to subcontract one of the particular areas of the project. The various outsources that are utilized in the project in order to reduce time duration without compromising the quality of the project are elaborated below: Training: The activity of training must be outsourced so that the staff of the organization must be trained properly and thus the project can be executed easily before the duration of the project (Pemsel and Wiewiora 2013). Outsourcing training activity not only helps in complete the activity of the project before time but also assists in creating proper outcome within the project. Creation of marketing plan: The marketing plan is outsourced so that it can be created properly so that it would helps in creating positive outcome within the project. It is identified that outsourcing the marketing plan helps in reducing the project duration. Theme selection: Selection of theme is outsourced so that proper as well as unique theme is selected for the project that is not only helpful in reducing the burden but also assists in completing the project before time (Joslin and Muller 2015). Monitoring progress The monitoring progress of the project can be highlighted by reflecting the utilization of earned value as well as scheduling and cost control in the project:- Earned value management: Earned value management is defined as one of the technique that helps in controlling cost as well as time performance within a project for predicting the final project duration as well as cost. It is considered as one of the easy tool that can be utilized in the project in order to detect early warning signals for detecting various problems and also for exploiting various opportunities of the project (Beringer, Jonas and Kock 2013). Earned value forecasting approach assists in predicting the final project cost as well as duration. The basic assumptions that are generally made for forecasting earned value management within the project can be measured with the help of SPI metrics for time as well as CPI for the cost. In addition to this, it is identified that project outcome can be forecasted for predicting the final cost of the project. Scheduling and cost control: Scheduling as well as cost control is considered as the concept that generally helps in serving the foundation of the project management. The project managers must establish schedule as well as budget before the project initiation phase. It is identified that setting parameter helps in both time as well as cost time frameworks for laying the entire groundwork for following the tasks. It is identified that organizations must engage in various production processes as well as projects (Martinsuo 2013). This important factor helps in making the opportunity cost another significant consideration during budgeting as well as scheduling. Project closure Explanation Project closure is defined as the last phase of the project management procedure. It is identified that upon the end of the project implementation phase, preliminary acceptance of various results of the project is generally accomplished (Ahern, Leavy and Byrne 2014). Project closure generally involves handing various deliverables to the customers that helps in passing the documentation to the business by cancelling various contracts of the supplier and by releasing the different equipment of the staff. Wrapping closure activities The closure activities of the project are as follows: Reviewing the launched product Stakeholder sign off and Documentation Performance evaluation The performance of the project must be measured properly with the help of monitoring system as well as significant key indicators. The components include: Proper tracking of project activities: Proper track of the project activities must e kept in order to ensure that the project activities are progressing properly and the activities will be completed within the estimated time and budget. Completion of project activities on time: If the project activities are completed successfully within the assumed time then the performance of the project can be determined easily (Pemsel and Wiewiora 2013). Arranging meetings: If meetings are arranged in weekly basis, then the project managers will get an idea about the performance of the project activities. The project managers will get to know the entire status of the project. Retrospectives Retrospectives are considered as a procedure in which team generally helps in reflecting on the iteration for identifying actions that helps in improving the project further. The agile retrospectives can be considered as one of the lesson learned meeting. The team can easily address everything in order to decide changes for making the next iteration References Ahern, T., Leavy, B. and Byrne, P.J., 2014. Complex project management as complex problem solving: A distributed knowledge management perspective.International Journal of Project Management,32(8), pp.1371-1381. Beringer, C., Jonas, D. and Kock, A., 2013. Behavior of internal stakeholders in project portfolio management and its impact on success.International Journal of Project Management,31(6), pp.830-846. Burke, R., 2013. Project management: planning and control techniques.New Jersey, USA. Cicmil, S., Cooke-Davies, T., Crawford, L. and Richardson, K., 2017, April. Exploring the complexity of projects: Implications of complexity theory for project management practice. Project Management Institute. Fleming, Q.W. and Koppelman, J.M., 2016, December. Earned value project management. Project Management Institute. Flyvbjerg, B., 2013. From Nobel prize to project management: getting risks right.arXiv preprint arXiv:1302.3642. Hwang, B.G. and Ng, W.J., 2013. Project management knowledge and skills for green construction: Overcoming challenges.International Journal of Project Management,31(2), pp.272-284. Joslin, R. and Mller, R., 2015. Relationships between a project management methodology and project success in different project governance contexts.International Journal of Project Management,33(6), pp.1377-1392. Kerzner, H., 2013.Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Martinsuo, M., 2013. Project portfolio management in practice and in context.International Journal of Project Management,31(6), pp.794-803. Mir, F.A. and Pinnington, A.H., 2014. Exploring the value of project management: linking project management performance and project success.International journal of project management,32(2), pp.202-217. Pemsel, S. and Wiewiora, A., 2013. Project management office a knowledge broker in project-based organisations.International Journal of Project Management,31(1), pp.31-42. Phillips, J., 2013.PMP, Project Management Professional (Certification Study Guides). McGraw-Hill Osborne Media. Serra, C.E.M. and Kunc, M., 2015. Benefits realisation management and its influence on project success and on the execution of business strategies.International Journal of Project Management,33(1), pp.53-66. Steyn, H., Dekker, A.H., Kuschke, B., Van Eck, B.P.S. and Visser, K., 2016.Project management: A multi-disciplinary approach. FPM Publishing. Turner, R., 2016.Gower handbook of project management. Routledge

Factors Affecting Customer Loyalty free essay sample

The growth for mobile service has been gradually developing from a total number of subscribers of 1. 513 million at the end of 1996 to 7. 477 million in 2001. (Malaysian Communication and Multimedia Commission, MCMC) The market for the telecommunication industry in Malaysia is highly competitive. This industry is currently dominated by 3 operators Telekom, Maxis and DiGi. For example, as Maxis Communications Berhad (â€Å"Maxis†) being one of the most favorable choice for users, Maxis believes that the main competitive factors in the mobile services market are network coverage, service quality, pricing and brand. Therefore, these could be the main factors that determine the level of customer loyalty towards Maxis. A critical issue for the continued success of a firm is its capability to retain its current customers and make them loyal to its brands (Dekimpe et al. , 1997). Customer loyalty is vital to a company as disloyal customers can amount to millions of lost revenue and profit. We will write a custom essay sample on Factors Affecting Customer Loyalty or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Studies were also conducted in the financial services industry show that increasing customer loyalty by 5 percent could lead to 25-75 percent profit growth (Chan et al. , 2001). Generally, loyalty is something that consumers may exhibit to brands, services, stores, product categories. Here, we use the term customer loyalty as opposed to brand loyalty; this is to emphasize that loyalty is a feature of people, rather than something inherent in brands. Oliver (1997) defines customer loyalty as a deeply held commitment to rebuy or repatronize a preferred product/service consistently in the future, thereby causing repetitive same-brand or same brand-set purchasing, despite situational influences and marketing efforts having the potential to cause switching behavior. Due to the aggressive competition in the telecommunication industry, many companies are losing customers at a formidable rate. Thus, companies recognized the need to place greater emphasis on customer loyalty as there is perceived to be a link to profitability. In fact, loyal customers tend to purchase more, they will even accept higher prices and have a positive word-of-mouth effect, telling friends and family, thus adding them to the number of loyal customers. Besides, we clearly know that the cost of selling to new customers is much higher than the cost of selling to existing customers. The aim of this research is to examine the relationship between the existing factors and customer loyalty, at the same time to find out which factor is best to determine the level of customer loyalty. In this research, we proposed Maxis Communication Berhad as the research subject as it is known to be the main competitor in the mobile phone service market based in Malaysia. Potential factors affecting customer loyalty are discussed. Besides, a survey is carried out in Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Sungai Long using a survey questionnaire. Data was obtained from 60 students who are currently Maxis users. The data collected was analyzed by using a statistical software package which is known as SPSS program. In order for companies to sustain in a competitive edge, building customer loyalty is rather crucial. Since loyalty is a key in customer development and profitability, it is important for organizations to understand the loyalty condition in more detail, and to use this understanding to develop the relationship further with customers which falls in the loyal category. The results of this study will provide evidence to organizations on what are the key reasons that possibly will influence customer to make repeating purchases. Hence, allowing organizations to focus on areas by viewing from customer’s perspective in which will result in higher profit and building a closer bond between the brand and current customers in its hoped to maintain current customer base. Literature Review The review of previous study from different resources has been revised to obtain a further understanding of the variables in this study. It is divided into three parts, which are the review of the literature, proposed conceptual framework and hypotheses development. Review of the literature shows relevant constructs, methodologies, and findings related to the study. Meanwhile, the proposed conceptual framework and hypotheses development shows the relationship of the variables constructed in this study. Customer Loyalty Three conceptual perspectives have been suggested to define customer loyalty: the behavioral perspective, the attitudinal perspective, and composite perspective (Bowen and Chen, 2001; Zins, 2001). Firstly, the behavioral perspective looks at repeat purchase behavior based on the customer’s purchase history. This approach assumes that preference structure of the customer is reflected in the customer’s behavior (Ehrenberg, 1988). In contrast, the attitudinal perspective allows gain in supplemental understanding of loyal behavior (Zins, 2001). Attitude signifies the degree to which a customer’s deposition towards a service is favorably inclined. (Grembler and Brown, 1996). Some examples of operational measures in attitudinal perspective are preference, buying intention, supplier prioritization and recommendation willingness (Fournier and Yao, 1997). The third perspective combines both attitudinal and behavioral definitions of loyalty. The composite perspective is considered an alternative to affective loyalty that increases the predictive power of loyalty (Pritchard and Howard, 1997). Essentially, loyal customers build businesses by buying more, paying premium prices, and providing new referrals through positive word of mouth over time (Ganesh et al. , 2000). Furthermore, loyal customers contribute to the company’s profitability by spending more on company products and services, via repeat purchasing, and by recommending the organization to other consumers (Bowen and Chen, 2001; Fesicova, 2004). Hence, the main objective of this study is to determine the potential determinants of customer loyalty towards Maxis and to test the relationships among these factors. Corporate Image Corporate image is described as the overall impression made in the minds of the public about a firm (Barich and Kotler, 1991). Meanwhile, Nyuyen and Leblanc (2001) claim that corporate image is related to the physical and behavioral attributes of the firm, such as business name, architecture, variety of products or services, and to the impression of quality communicated by each person interacting with the firm’s clients. Therefore, corporate image was early identified as an important factor in the overall evaluation of the service and the company (Bitner, 1991; Gronroos, 1984; Gummesson and Gronroos, 1988). Although a customer may not have enough information about a firm, information obtained from different sources such as advertisements and word of mouth will influence the process of forming the corporate image. (Andreassen, 1995). In addition, Fishbein and Ajzen (1975) added on that attitudes are functionally related to behavioral intentions. Hence, corporate image affects behavioral intentions such as customer loyalty (Johnson et al. 2001). According to Nguyen and Leblanc (2001), corporate image relates positively with customer loyalty in three sectors (telecommunication, retailing and education). Corporate image can therefore axis from all of a consumer’s experiences, results in different level of attitude towards the brand that leads to customer’s satisfaction and customer loyalty. Trust The degree by which an individual perceives a trust image to a brand is based on his or her experience with the brand. Therefore, the experience attributed will be influenced by any direct (e. g. rial, usage, satisfaction, and consumption) and any indirect contact (advertising, word of mouth, brand reputation) with the brand (Keller, 1998; Krishnan, 1996). Essentially, trust has been recognized as an important role in affecting relationship commitment (Morgan and Hunt, 1994) and so customer loyalty (Gundlach and Murphy, 1993). This is because when one party trusts another, it is likely to develop some form of positive behavioral intention towards the other party. Furthermore, when a customer trusts a brand, this means that he is also likely to form a positive buying intention t owards the brand (Lau and Lee, 1999). On the other hand, it is claimed that there is a positive relationship between trust in a firm and customer loyalty, consistent with the past research (e. g. Chaudhuri and Holbrook, 2001; Lau and Lee, 1999). Furthermore, to trust a brand, customers should not only perceive positive outcomes but also believe that these positive outcomes will continue in the future. Service Quality Gronroos (1984) defined service quality as a perceived judgment, resulting from an evaluation process where customers compare their expectations with the service they perceive to have received. He further added that the quality of a service is dependent with two variables: expected service and perceived service, which is that any previous experience with a service could influence the expectations of a customer, whereas the perceived service is a result of a consumer’s perception of the service itself. Following the above definitions, service quality has also been described as a form of attitude, related but not equivalent to satisfaction, that results from the comparison of expectations with performance (Balton and Drew, 1991; Parasuraman et al, 1988). According to several studies it is hypothesized that service quality will exert a direct positive influence on perceived value (e. g. Balton and Drew, 1991; Zeithaml 1988), on overall satisfaction (e. g. Cronin and Taylor, 1992) and it will have an indirect influence (e. g. Andreassen and Lindested, 1988) as well as a direct influence on future loyalty (Boulding, 1993; de Ruyter, 1998) Proposed Conceptual Framework The hypotheses among the corporate image, trust, service quality and customer loyalty: The conceptual framework above is the foundation of the research project, and describes the relationship among the four main variables which are customer loyalty, corporate image, trust, and service quality. Essentially, the independent variables include corporate image, trust, and service quality. On the other hand, customer loyalty is identified as the dependent variable. Hypotheses Development Based on the results of the previous studies, we formulated the hypotheses detailed below, with reference to the proposed conceptual model: H1:There will be a positive relationship between corporate image and customer loyalty. When customers are satisfied with the services rendered, their attitude towards the company is improved. (Andreassen and Lindestad, 1998) This indicates that a desirable image leads to customer satisfaction and customer preference, while an undesirable image leads to dissatisfaction. H2:There will be a positive relationship between trust and customer loyalty. Trust is believed to be a critical variable that contributes to healthy and long-term relationships (Anderson and Weitz, 1989). This explains trust towards the company is strongly related with commitment that leads to customer loyalty. H3:There will be a positive relationship between service quality and customer loyalty. Recent research offers some evidence that perceived service quality has an impact on customer satisfaction, which in terms leads to later behaviors towards the service firm (Andreassen and Lindestad, 1998). The internal quality and external value of the service will therefore contribute to customer loyalty. Research Method Maxis Communication Berhad is chosen as the research subject as it is well known as the main competitor in the mobile phone service market based in Malaysia. Also, Maxis is widely recognized and used by most of the students. Potential variables are identified and discussed and they include corporate image, trust towards Maxis, and the service quality offered by Maxis. Due to the huge population of students within campus, hence a sample of 60 is drawn. A survey was conducted and data was collected from 60 students who is currently subscribing to Maxis. A total of 30 male and 30 female are involved in this sample, the mean age of the sample is 21 years old. Sample characteristics appear to be representative of mobile phone users in UTAR. Probability sampling methods are selected for this research. Questionnaires are distributed equally to course representative of six different courses which includes Accounting, Marketing, Finance, Entrepreneurship, Banking and Finance, and Business Administration. The course representatives are informed to disseminate the questionnaires to any five guys and girls of their course, respondents are then randomly picked by the course representatives. Respondents are given a period of one week to complete the questionnaire. Later then, the completed survey questionnaires are collected from each of the course representative. Simple random sampling method was employed as this method provides more accurate and valid results. Our target samples are scattered over a wide area, thus we assigned our questionnaires to the course representatives for more efficient mode. Due to the large target population, we have also employed another approach which is stratified sampling. Here, we have stratified our population by genders, and respondents from different courses in a university. This would ensure better coverage of our targeted population for more desirable result. We have pursued quantitative approach in collecting data in our study for our research problem. As we have clearly defined the three determinants factor which affects the level of customer loyalty for Maxis, which are corporate image, trust, and also the service quality offered, the quantitative data we obtained is by using the various numeric means, in this case it is the Likert scale. Respondents are required to rank statements from 1 to number 7 based on their own perceptions and beliefs. Consequently customer loyalty, trust, corporate image, and service quality were measured using multiple indicators. Customer loyalty is measured using two loyalty indicators which are repurchase probability, and the likelihood of providing positive word-of-mouth to potential customers. Regarding the measure of trust (TR), a five-item scale was developed by using different but complementary definitions. The multiple indicators involved reliability, ethics, service quality, and cumulative process. Corporate image is an overall evaluation of the company and is measured using three indicators; overall opinion of the company, opinion of the company’s contribution to society, and customer’s liking of the company.